The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is part with the Herpesviridae family, the industry group of viruses that feature a double stranded DNA genome, icosahedral capsid, tegument, as well as an envelope embedded with glycoproteins. There are two varieties of HSV: HSV-1 and HSV-2. HSV-1 causes oral sores, while HSV-2 is in charge of genital herpes. The virus usually stays dormant in nerve cells for a long period of time before an outbreak occurs. Generally, replication of hsv simplex virus involves the invasion of the host cell, entry into its nucleus, replication of viral DNA, assembly of viral components, and budding out of the cell.
Replication of the herpes virus begins by docking which has a host cell. The virus utilizes its glycoproteins to acknowledge the surface proteins from the host cell. When the two enter into contact, the viral envelope fuses while using plasma membrane from the host cell. As this happens, the capsid inside viral envelope travels over the opening inside the plasma membrane and enters the host cell's cytoplasm. The capsid has the genetic material from the virus. The capsid is in the middle of a layer of proteins referred to as viral matrix or tegument.
Once the capsid is inside cytoplasm, it travels toward the nucleus. It utilizes the cell's scaffolding, like the microtubules, to advance from the plasma membrane towards the nucleus. At the nucleus, the capsid binds to the nuclear pore and releases the viral genetic material. It then travels in the nucleus, where it replicates.
Once the capsid is in the cytoplasm, it travels toward the nucleus. It utilizes the cell's scaffolding, like the microtubules, to move from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. At the nucleus, the capsid binds for the nuclear pore and releases the viral genetic material. It then travels to the nucleus, where it replicates.
In the nucleus, the double stranded DNA of the herpes virus circularizes. The host's transcription enzymes produce mRNA that codes for viral proteins essential for DNA replication but for the construction of latest capsids. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and heads for the ribosomes. The viral proteins return to the nucleus. Some replicate the DNA, while some form into capsids.
In the nucleus, the double stranded DNA of the herpes virus circularizes. The host's transcription enzymes produce mRNA that codes for viral proteins essential for DNA replication as well as the construction of recent capsids. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and heads for the ribosomes. The viral proteins return on the nucleus. Some replicate the DNA, while some form into capsids.
After replication, the copied DNA is encompassed by the capsid. The host cell's nuclear envelop becomes embedded with viral proteins. The capsid buds through the inner nuclear envelope and gains a temporary membrane that fuses using the outer nuclear envelope.
Upon exiting the nucleus, the capsid travels from the cytoplasm until it buds through a golgi vesicle. The golgi is lined with viral matrix proteins, that may surround the capsid. As it continues over the golgi, the herpes virus gains an envelope embedded with glycoprotein spikes.
After the herpes virus is assembled, it is deposited near the plasma membrane. Then, the herpes simplex virus fuses while using plasma membrane and exits the cell. It will invade a nearby cell to copy.
1. "Herpes Virus Replication or Life Cycle." Russell Kightley Media.
2. "Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus." Microbial Life.
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